# Assessment of Oxidative Stress-Related Markers and Inflammatory Proteins in Serum and CSF Samples of Dogs with Different Types of Epilepsy

## TL;DR

This study examines oxidative stress and inflammation markers in dogs with different types of epilepsy using serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples.

## Contribution

The study identifies specific differences in oxidative stress markers in cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with structural epilepsy.

## Key findings

- CSF PON1 levels were significantly different in dogs with structural epilepsy compared to controls and idiopathic groups.
- CSF cholinesterase levels were significantly altered in structural epilepsy compared to other groups.
- Serum was found to be less suitable than cerebrospinal fluid for studying oxidative stress and inflammation markers in epilepsy.

## Abstract

Background: Oxidative stress contributes to the development and progression of epilepsy and is connected with neuroinflammation during epileptic seizures. Cholinesterase has a modulatory role, and oxytocin has antiepileptic properties. The purpose of this study was to assess selective inflammatory (C-Reactive Protein, CRP) and oxidative stress markers [Paraoxonase-1 (PON1), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cholinesterase, and oxytocin in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of dogs with different types of epilepsy. Methods: There were four groups of dogs; A: healthy controls; B: idiopathic epilepsy receiving antiepileptic medication; C: idiopathic epilepsy without antiepileptic medication; and D: structural epilepsy. CRP, PON1, CUPRAC, and cholinesterase were evaluated in serum and PON1, CUPRAC, FRAP, cholinesterase and oxytocin were evaluated in CSF samples. Group differences were evaluated using the ANOVA test, followed by post hoc analyses or Kruskal–Wallis/Dunn’s test. Results: Fifty-one serum and 26 CSF samples were analyzed. CSF PON1 was significantly different in group D compared with groups A and C (p = 0.044 and p = 0.008, respectively). CSF cholinesterase was significantly different in group D compared with groups A, B and C (p = 0.003, p = 0.025, and p = 0.033, respectively). Conclusions: Structural epilepsy may influence PON1 and cholinesterase levels in CSF samples. Compared with CSF, serum was not the most suitable biological material to investigate oxidative stress and inflammatory markers.