Molecular Origins of Nonfrozen Water in Polyelectrolyte Brushes
George Mallinos, Md. Golam Kibria, Saveen Jayaweera, Ali Dhinojwala
TL;DR
This study explores how polyelectrolyte brushes retain water at very low temperatures, offering insights for creating better anti-icing and lubricating coatings.
Contribution
The paper provides direct measurements of nonfrozen water in polyelectrolyte brushes at subzero temperatures using infrared spectroscopy.
Findings
PMETA brushes retain 25–35 vol. % water even at −60 °C.
The study quantifies changes in polymer volume fraction with temperature.
Spectroscopic analysis reveals substantial water confinement in charged polymer networks.
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte brushes (PEBs) are promising coatings for reducing ice adhesion and regulating water freezing at interfaces, yet direct measurements of nonfrozen water retention at subzero temperatures remain scarce. Here, we investigate the freezing behavior of water confined in poly([2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium) (PMETA) brushes with chloride, iodide, and sulfate counterions using a custom-built low-temperature attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy system. Furthermore, we quantify the fraction of water that was present within the brush that does not freeze as well as the changes in polymer volume fraction within the brush as a function of temperature. Spectroscopic analysis of water vibrational modes reveals that PMETA brushes retain 25–35 vol. % water even at −60 °C, providing direct evidence of substantial water confinement in charged polymer networks.…
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Taxonomy
TopicsPolymer Surface Interaction Studies · Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity · Nanopore and Nanochannel Transport Studies