Low-Cost IoT-Based Computational System for Real-Time Biogas Monitoring in UASB Reactors Using NDIR Sensors and ESP32
Flávio César Brito Nunes, Precival Victor Andrade Alves, Allan Bruno Dantas Gonçalves, Ricardo Cabral Lemos Filho, Joabesson Gonçalves Leandro da Silva, Vynicius Alves Calábria, Maria Gorethe de Sousa Lima Brito, Francisco José de Paula Filho
TL;DR
This paper introduces a low-cost IoT system for real-time biogas monitoring in UASB reactors using NDIR sensors and ESP32, enabling remote tracking of methane and flow rates.
Contribution
A modular, fault-tolerant IoT system for real-time, low-cost biogas monitoring in UASB reactors using NDIR sensors and ESP32.
Findings
The system achieved stable data transmission with an average latency of ∼1.77 seconds over 30 days.
Measured methane ranged from 53.31–88.0%, and flow rates from 42.84–76.16 NL·d–1 with high accuracy.
The system demonstrated near-zero sensor drift and strong temporal agreement with measured data.
Abstract
UASB reactors are widely employed in wastewater treatment due to their operational simplicity and the potential for energy recovery from biogas, although continuous, low-cost monitoring of CH4 and flow rate remains challenging. This work presents the development and validation of an IoT system for remote, real-time monitoring, integrating NDIR sensors for CH4/CO2, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a thermal mass flow meter, and an ESP32 platform with web/mobile interfaces. Deployment was carried out in a bench-scale UASB reactor treating an industrial slaughterhouse effluent. Over 30 days of continuous operation, stable data transmission was recorded with an average latency of ∼1.77 s; measurements covered 42.84–76.16 NL·d–1 (flow) and 53.31–88.0% (CH4), with temperature within a narrow mesophilic range (22.25–27.80 °C) and near-zero sensor drift. Estimates based on removed…
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Taxonomy
TopicsAnaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production · Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal · Odor and Emission Control Technologies