Harnessing Eugenol for Sustainability: Synthesis and Characterization of Biobased Epoxy Thermosets
Mădălina I. Necolau, Brînduşa Bălănucă, Celina M. Damian, Horia Iovu
TL;DR
Researchers created eco-friendly epoxy coatings from eugenol, a natural compound, with properties like thermal stability and antibacterial activity.
Contribution
A novel biobased epoxy thermoset using eugenol and natural/synthetic cross-linkers is developed with tailored properties.
Findings
IA-cured networks showed dual reactivity and additional cross-linking at high temperatures.
Amine-cured networks degrade via C–O cleavage in aqueous and alkaline media.
Acid-cured systems resist oxidation but undergo ester hydrolysis under basic conditions.
Abstract
In this study, biobased epoxy networks were developed from a bis-eugenol epoxy monomer (B) cured with natural carboxylic acids such as citric acid and itaconic acid (IA) and with synthetic amine Jeffamine D230 (D). Differential scanning calorimetry revealed distinct curing behaviors governed by the functionality and structure of the cross-linkers. The IA-cured network showed dual reactivity through its α,β-unsaturated double bond, leading to additional cross-linking at elevated temperatures. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed complete epoxy conversion via esterification or amino-addition mechanisms, while thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated high char yields and no solvent residues, indicating excellent thermal stability and potential flame-retardant behavior. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed glass transition temperatures of 48–56 °C and gel contents above 96%,…
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Taxonomy
TopicsPolymer composites and self-healing · Epoxy Resin Curing Processes · Flame retardant materials and properties