# Carbon Dots Intercalated MXene for Flexible Organic Hydrogel Absorbers with Synergistically Enhanced Dielectric Loss

## TL;DR

Researchers developed a flexible hydrogel material that efficiently absorbs electromagnetic waves, using carbon dots and MXene for improved performance and durability.

## Contribution

A novel strategy for fabricating flexible microwave absorbers by integrating polymer networks with MXene/carbon dot hybrid fillers.

## Key findings

- The MXene/CDs hydrogel achieves a minimum reflection loss of −47.9 dB at 9.46 GHz with a 3.1 mm thickness.
- The hydrogel exhibits a 3.5 GHz effective absorption bandwidth and improved mechanical robustness.
- Glycerol-regulated gel polarity optimizes impedance matching and enhances interfacial polarization.

## Abstract

Catechol-functionalized carbon dots chemically anchor onto MXene nanosheets, enhancing interfacial polarization and enabling impedance matching optimization through glycerol-regulated gel polarity.A flexible organic hydrogel absorber was constructed via synergistic integration of a dual-crosslinked polymer network and conductive MXene/carbon dots (CDs) hybrid fillers.The MXene/CDs hydrogel exhibits outstanding performance (RLmin= −47.9 dB, 3.5 GHz bandwidth at 3.1 mm) together with improved mechanical robustness.

Catechol-functionalized carbon dots chemically anchor onto MXene nanosheets, enhancing interfacial polarization and enabling impedance matching optimization through glycerol-regulated gel polarity.

A flexible organic hydrogel absorber was constructed via synergistic integration of a dual-crosslinked polymer network and conductive MXene/carbon dots (CDs) hybrid fillers.

The MXene/CDs hydrogel exhibits outstanding performance (RLmin= −47.9 dB, 3.5 GHz bandwidth at 3.1 mm) together with improved mechanical robustness.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40820-026-02135-6.

With the rapid development of flexible electronics and wearable devices, there is an increasing demand for absorbing materials that exhibit high electromagnetic wave absorption efficiency and mechanical flexibility. In this work, we present a novel and effective strategy for fabricating flexible microwave absorbers via synergistically integrating a polymer framework with conductive fillers. Carbon dots (CDs) functionalized with catechol groups were first synthesized via a bottom-up approach using directed ultrasonication, employing tannic acid dispersed in acetone as the precursor. Owing to the abundant surface functional groups, the as-prepared CDs were uniformly anchored onto MXene nanosheets through chemical bonding, forming a well-dispersed MXene/CDs composite. Subsequently, this hybrid filler was incorporated into a polymer network composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and acrylamide, with water and glycerol as co-solvents, to fabricate a flexible MXene/CDs organic hydrogel. Notably, glycerol plays an important role in adjusting the polarity of the gel system, thereby effectively optimizing impedance matching. Meanwhile, the abundant heterogeneous interfaces between MXene and CDs significantly enhanced interfacial polarization, and the synergistic coupling of optimized impedance matching with strong dielectric loss endowed the MXene/CDs organic hydrogel with outstanding electromagnetic wave absorption performance. The absorber achieves a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of − 47.9 dB at 9.46 GHz with a matching thickness of 3.1 mm, along with an effective absorption bandwidth of 3.5 GHz. Furthermore, the synergistic reinforcement of dual-crosslinked polymer chains and the MXene/CDs filler endowed the hydrogel with excellent mechanical robustness, making it suitable for flexible and wearable absorption applications.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40820-026-02135-6.