# A clinical study to evaluate meibomian gland dysfunction and tear film changes in patients with pterygium

## TL;DR

This study explores how pterygium, an eye condition, is linked to dry eye and meibomian gland issues in Eastern India.

## Contribution

The study is the first to investigate the relationship between pterygium, meibomian gland dysfunction, and tear film instability in this region.

## Key findings

- Pterygium patients had higher rates of tear film abnormalities compared to healthy controls.
- Severe pterygium was associated with more pronounced meibomian gland dysfunction and tear instability.
- The study highlights the importance of addressing dry eye and MGD in pterygium management.

## Abstract

Pterygium is a degenerative ocular surface disorder whose relationship with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and tear film instability
remains understudied, especially in Eastern India. This case-control study included 110 adults to evaluate tear film parameters and MGD
status in pterygium patients compared with healthy controls. Pterygium cases showed significantly higher rates of Schirmer's I, TBUT and
TMH abnormalities, with strong correlations between tear instability and MGD severity. Higher pterygium grades demonstrated the most marked
tear film disruption and meibomian gland changes. Thus, we show the need for early detection and management of MGD and dry eye to improve
outcomes in pterygium patients.