Assessment of salivary biomarkers in early peri-implantitis detection

TL;DR

This study explores the use of salivary biomarkers to detect early signs of peri-implantitis, a condition that is often diagnosed too late.

Contribution

The study evaluates the potential of IL-1β, MMP-8, and TNF-α as non-invasive early detection biomarkers for peri-implantitis.

Findings

IL-1β and MMP-8 levels strongly correlate with probing depth in peri-implantitis patients.

TNF-α moderately correlates with radiographic bone loss in affected individuals.

Salivary biomarkers show significant elevation in peri-implantitis compared to healthy controls.

Abstract

Peri-implantitis is often detected only after significant tissue destruction, and conventional diagnostic methods fail to reliably identify
early disease activity. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of salivary biomarkers-interleukin-1β (IL-1β), matrix
metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-by comparing their concentrations in patients with healthy peri-implant
tissues and those with peri-implantitis. Fifty participants were divided into two equal groups, saliva samples were collected and analysed
using ELISA and clinical parameters such as probing depth, bleeding on probing and radiographic bone loss were recorded. Statistical analysis
(t-tests and correlations, p < 0.05) revealed significantly elevated levels of IL-1β, MMP-8 and TNF-α in peri-implantitis patients, with IL-1β
and MMP-8 strongly correlating with probing depth and TNF-α moderately correlating with bone loss. Thus, we show that salivary IL-1β, MMP-8 and
TNF-α show strong potential as reliable, non-invasive biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of peri-implantitis.