# Discomfort in the Unexpected: A Mixed‐Methods Study on Australian Clinicians' Experiences of Explaining Prenatal Screening Results

## TL;DR

Australian clinicians often feel unprepared to explain unexpected prenatal screening results, highlighting a need for better resources and training.

## Contribution

This mixed-methods study is one of the first to explore clinicians' experiences and challenges in delivering unexpected prenatal screening results.

## Key findings

- Only 55% of clinicians felt confident explaining screening results, and 59% when delivering unexpected results.
- Resource access was significantly associated with increased confidence and decreased perceived challenges.
- Clinicians often conflate unexpected results with bad news and face fragmented care and communication challenges.

## Abstract

Expectant parents report negative experiences of receiving prenatal screening outcomes that indicate a higher‐than‐expected risk of a genetic condition or anomaly—an unexpected result. Despite clinicians' key role in delivering prenatal screening results, there is limited research on their perspectives regarding their own experiences, knowledge and access to resources and referral information.

This study aimed to explore clinicians' experiences discussing and delivering genetic screening results and their access to resources.

The present study addresses this gap through a mixed‐methods study comprising a cross‐sectional survey (n = 51) and qualitative interviews with a subset of respondents (n = 12) to explore their experiences in depth. Quantitative analyses provided descriptive statistics and tested the association of support resources with clinicians' confidence and perceived challenges.

Only 55% of clinicians were confident explaining screening and 59% when delivering unexpected results. Only 41% reported they had adequate resources for delivering unexpected results, and 53% had not directed patients to any support services for prenatal screening decision‐making in the last 12 months. Resource access was significantly associated with increased confidence (p = 0.029) and decreased perceived challenge (p = 0.013). Qualitative data were analysed through reflexive thematic analysis. Findings show that clinicians are concerned about their knowledge limitations in the context of evolving testing modalities, challenged by fragmented care and communication, and commonly conflate unexpected results with bad news.

Structural and ideological challenges contextualise clinicians' lack of confidence in delivering unexpected results. Clinicians' difficulties and varied approaches to accessing resources and referring patients highlight a need for the provision of education and standardised pathways to improve the experience for expectant parents.