# Lived experiences of Ethiopian women post-mastectomy without reconstruction: findings and guidelines from a feminist phenomenological study

## TL;DR

This study explores the experiences of Ethiopian women who had mastectomies without reconstruction and provides guidelines to improve their post-surgery care.

## Contribution

The study introduces feminist phenomenology to understand mastectomy experiences in Ethiopia and offers tailored guidelines for supportive care.

## Key findings

- Five themes emerged: body image, psychological effects, sexual function, healthcare experiences, and coping strategies.
- Women face ongoing challenges post-mastectomy that are inadequately addressed by healthcare workers.
- Guidelines were developed to improve mastectomy care for women without reconstruction.

## Abstract

The lack of evidence-based knowledge about women’s experiences after mastectomy has serious implications for mastectomy-supportive care in the Ethiopian health system. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of women who had a mastectomy without reconstruction and consequently develop guidelines for healthcare providers to enhance supportive care.

This qualitative study is grounded in feminist values and Heidegger’s philosophy of existential phenomenology. It was conducted at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, one of the largest hospitals in the country, which provides cancer care. Purposive sampling was used until saturation was reached. Thus, twenty women with an average survival time of 2 years who had undergone mastectomy without reconstruction were interviewed in-depth about their mastectomy experience. The data were analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) employing the ATLAS.ti 9 version qualitative data analysis software.

Five themes emerged from the analysis of the interview data: body image and appearance-related concerns, psychological effects and social relationships, concerns about sexual function, healthcare-related experiences, and coping strategies. The findings of this study showed that women encounter ongoing challenges following breast cancer diagnosis and mastectomy that healthcare workers do not adequately address.

Consequently, the findings resulted in the development of guidelines to promote quality mastectomy care tailored to the needs of women who choose or are unable to undergo reconstruction. Policymakers, health care administrators, and professionals can use these guidelines as a resource for initiatives to improve supportive care for women who have had a mastectomy without reconstruction.