# Moral injury in healthcare workers: causes & interventions

## TL;DR

This paper reviews the causes and interventions for moral injury in healthcare workers, especially in the context of the pandemic and broader systemic issues.

## Contribution

The paper provides a narrative synthesis of moral injury in healthcare workers, emphasizing both pandemic-specific and broader systemic factors.

## Key findings

- The pandemic increased moral injury risk in healthcare workers due to unique challenges like patient isolation.
- Restrictive practices and discrimination in healthcare settings contribute to moral injury.
- Organizational change and peer support are key interventions for mitigating moral injury.

## Abstract

Moral injury (MI), characterized by psychological distress from morally transgressive events, has been predominantly studied in military personnel but has gained increased attention in healthcare workers (HCWs) since the COVID-19 pandemic.

In this review, we narratively synthesize literature on the causes, risks, consequences, and interventions of MI in HCWs.

There is consensus that the COVID-19 pandemic presented HCWs with unique challenges such as fear of infection and patients dying without family, which increased the risk of MI in HCWs.

Broader healthcare experiences, not unique to a pandemic, are less well understood. In this review, we discuss evidence of such experiences including restrictive practices in psychiatric settings and experiences of discrimination.

Recent studies have highlighted the importance of addressing MI through organizational change, training, and peer support initiatives. Emerging evidence also underscores the need to consider broader systemic factors, such as workplace culture and leadership, in mitigating MI.

Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to explore in more detail risk factors for MI in HCWs. Additionally, there is a need for robust evaluations of interventions to prevent and treat MI and related disorders, including randomized controlled trials. Investigating the morally injurious effects of systemic issues like understaffing is particularly urgent as the field evolves beyond pandemic-specific challenges.