# Genome resources—A chromosome-level genome assembly for the long-nosed leopard lizard, Gambelia wislizenii, the first reference genome for the lizard family Crotaphytidae

## TL;DR

This paper presents the first chromosome-level genome assembly for the long-nosed leopard lizard, a key resource for studying genetic diversity and traits in this lizard family.

## Contribution

The study provides the first reference genome for the lizard family Crotaphytidae, using advanced sequencing technologies and annotation methods.

## Key findings

- The genome assembly has a total length of ~2.47 Gb with a scaffold N50 of 380.1 Mb and 97.4% BUSCO completeness.
- Transcriptome-based annotation identified 23,279 genes with 98.9% BUSCO completeness.
- The genome will support research on hybridization dynamics and genetic traits in Gambelia species.

## Abstract

We report on an annotated chromosome-level genome assembly for the long-nosed leopard lizard, Gambelia wislizenii, as part of the California Conservation Genomics Project (CCGP). All 17 species of reptiles, including two turtles, seven lizards, and seven snakes targeted for reference genome sequencing by the CCGP are now complete and posted on NCBI, and this article is the third of seven CCGP lizard release papers to be published. It is also the first species of the family Crotaphytidae to have a released reference genome. Following the CCGP pipeline, the G. wislizenii genome was produced using Pacific Biosciences HiFi long reads and Omni-C proximity ligation data. The de novo assembly includes 69 scaffolds and has a total length of ~ 2.47 Gb, a scaffold N50 length of 380.1 Mb, and a BUSCO completeness score of 97.4% based on the tetrapod gene set. We improved the annotation of the genome using transcriptome sequencing (seven tissue types), identifying 23,279 genes, with BUSCO completeness of 98.9%. This reference genome, when combined with CCGP’s on-going state-wide resequencing efforts for the three species of Gambelia in California, including the federally endangered blunt-nosed leopard lizard (Gambelia sila), and Cope’s leopard lizard (Gambelia copei), will be a powerful tool enabling researchers to characterize hybridization dynamics between Gambelia species, document the remaining diversity within G. sila, and explore the genetic underpinnings of key traits that vary between the three Gambelia species, such as territoriality, sexual size dimorphism, presence versus absence of male breeding coloration, and skull morphologies.