# GAL and F2R as immune diagnostic biomarkers for fetal growth restriction

## TL;DR

GAL and F2R are potential immune biomarkers for diagnosing fetal growth restriction, which could improve early detection and outcomes.

## Contribution

The study identifies GAL and F2R as novel immune-related biomarkers for fetal growth restriction through bioinformatics and clinical validation.

## Key findings

- GAL and F2R are consistently upregulated in fetal growth restriction tissues.
- Altered immune cell infiltration is associated with fetal growth restriction placentas.
- Machine learning confirms the diagnostic potential of GAL and F2R.

## Abstract

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, but reliable diagnostic biomarkers are lacking. Through bioinformatics analysis of public datasets and clinical validation, we identified GAL and F2R as potential immune-related biomarkers associated with FGR. Both genes were consistently upregulated in FGR tissues and correlated with altered immune cell infiltration. These findings suggest that GAL and F2R may serve as diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets for FGR, facilitating early intervention and improved neonatal outcomes.

•GAL and F2R are identified as potential immune biomarkers for fetal growth restriction•Bioinformatics analysis reveals altered immune cell infiltration in FGR placentas•Machine learning algorithms validate diagnostic efficacy of GAL and F2R•Clinical validation confirms upregulation of GAL and F2R in FGR tissues

GAL and F2R are identified as potential immune biomarkers for fetal growth restriction

Bioinformatics analysis reveals altered immune cell infiltration in FGR placentas

Machine learning algorithms validate diagnostic efficacy of GAL and F2R

Clinical validation confirms upregulation of GAL and F2R in FGR tissues

Health sciences; Medicine; Medical specialty; Pediatrics; Reproductive medicine