# Porphyromonas gingivalis secreted factors drive epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) through gingipains and an H2S-mediated bacterial defense system

## TL;DR

This study shows how a mouth bacterium contributes to colorectal cancer by triggering cell changes through specific enzymes and hydrogen sulfide.

## Contribution

The study reveals a new mechanism by which P. gingivalis promotes cancer via EMT through gingipains and H₂S.

## Key findings

- P. gingivalis secreted factors drive EMT by modulating Wnt/β-catenin and Hippo–YAP pathways.
- Kgp and RgpA proteases, along with H₂S, increase EMT markers and cell motility.
- Bacterial secreted factors link microbial virulence to host cell transformation in CRC.

## Abstract

Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is strongly associated with a wide range of pathologies, including various types of cancer. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), an oral bacterium, is implicated in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), and although the exact mechanisms by which P. gingivalis contributes to CRC remain unclear, and emerging evidence suggests that various bacterial elements are involved in the bacterium's pathogenic effects. Here, we show that P. gingivalis secreted factors promote CRC neoplasia progression by modulating both the Wnt/β-catenin and the Hippo–YAP signaling pathways. Using specific inhibitors and P. gingivalis mutant strains, our findings demonstrate that cysteine proteases, specifically Lysin-gingipain (Kgp) and Argin-gingipain A (RgpA), as well as hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), strongly induce the expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, leading to cell detachment and increased motility. These findings reveal a novel connection between microbial virulence and defense mechanisms, such as H₂S, and host cell transformation, suggesting a potential role for bacterial secreted factors in driving CRC neoplasia.