# Characterization of food portion size in children from 6 months to 8 years of age: a descriptive analysis

## TL;DR

This study describes food portion sizes in children aged 6 months to 8 years across five European countries to support dietary guidance and public health efforts.

## Contribution

The study provides reference percentiles for food portion sizes in European children, filling a gap in dietary data for early childhood.

## Key findings

- Food portion sizes varied significantly across food groups, ages, and countries.
- Reference percentiles for portion sizes can support evidence-based dietary guidance for parents and healthcare professionals.

## Abstract

Diet during early infancy, as well as dietary patterns during childhood and parental feeding styles influence children’s eating behaviours and long-term health. While extensive data exist on the timing of complementary feeding introduction and recommended food frequencies during infancy and childhood, data on portion sizes during this period remains limited in Europe, despite their clear relevance for evaluating dietary patterns and supporting evidence-based guidance. This longitudinal study, secondary to the European Childhood Obesity Project (EU CHOP), aims to describe portion sizes consumed by infants and children aged 6 months to 8 years across five European countries.

Dietary intake was recorded using 3-day food diaries and analysed by trained personnel following standardized procedures at multiple infant and childhood ages (6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 and 96 months). Portions sizes were calculated for 33 food groups and expressed as percentiles in the overall sample and stratified by country.

A total of 1018 3-day food records were available at 6 months, with sample size gradually declining over the 11 follow-up time points to 400 records at 8 years. The results revealed a wide variation in portion sizes across food groups, ages and countries.

Food portion sizes vary across food groups, age and countries. These findings provide reference percentiles representing typical portion sizes when foods are consumed. The data can support guidance provided to parents by healthcare professionals (pediatricians, nurses, and dietitian-nutritionists) and assist public health authorities in defining appropriate portion sizes and mitigating risks associated with both overeating and undereating, while respecting children’s hunger and satiety cues. These results also have practical applications in school meal planning and dietary assessment methodologies in research.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-026-03943-7.