Binaural Processing Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorder

TL;DR

This paper reviews evidence that people with autism may have trouble processing sounds from both ears, which could affect communication and sensory experiences.

Contribution

The paper provides a narrative review of emerging evidence on binaural processing deficits in autism spectrum disorder.

Findings

ASD individuals show elevated thresholds for interaural time and level differences.

Physiological data indicates abnormal activity in central auditory structures in ASD.

Binaural processing deficits in ASD may stem from molecular and cellular changes in auditory circuits.

Abstract

The central auditory system integrates signals received from both ears to derive information about the spatial and spectral features of the emitting sound source. This binaural processing of acoustic information is critical for both communication and environmental awareness. However, these binaural computations may become disrupted in individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), potentially leading to difficulties with speech perception, sound attention, and sensory hypersensitivity. Here, we present a narrative review of the emerging evidence regarding binaural processing deficits in ASD. These deficits include elevated thresholds for interaural time and level differences and reduced sound localization accuracy. In addition, physiological data suggests that these behavioral traits correspond with abnormal activity in central auditory structures. Molecular and cellular alterations to central auditory circuits may underlie these behavioral and physiological features, which could arise from both genetic and environmental factors. Overall, binaural processing alterations in ASD remain under-studied, with a need for future studies to identify neural circuit-level mechanisms and potential interventions.

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