# Effects of a Proactive Driving Transition Class on Extending Safe Driving and Preparing for Life After Driving Cessation Among Older Drivers

## TL;DR

A proactive driving transition class helps older drivers stay safe longer and prepares them for life after driving.

## Contribution

The study provides empirical evidence for the benefits of a proactive driving transition class for older drivers.

## Key findings

- Participants reported increased awareness of safe driving and greater confidence in continuing to drive.
- On-road driving skill test scores improved significantly after one year.
- There was increased healthcare utilization, especially for ophthalmology visits.

## Abstract

Background/Objectives: Driving cessation is associated with adverse health outcomes. Proactive support that extends safe driving while preparing for life after driving cessation has been emphasized, but empirical evidence remains limited. This study examined the effects of a proactive class for older drivers on awareness and behavior related to driving and mobility (Study 1) and on longitudinal changes in on-road driving behavior (Study 2). Methods: The proactive class was implemented as a municipal program, including information provision, training activities, group discussions, and optional on-road driving evaluations. Study 1 included 71 older drivers who attended the class at least five times annually and completed an anonymous questionnaire assessing perceived changes in awareness and behavior. Study 2 included 29 participants who completed standardized on-road driving evaluations at baseline and at a 1-year follow-up. Paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests with effect sizes were applied. Results: In Study 1, participants reported increased awareness of safe driving, greater confidence in continuing to drive, heightened risk perception, initiation of health-related behaviors, trial use of public transportation, and increased healthcare utilization, particularly ophthalmology visits. In Study 2, total scores on the on-road driving skill test improved significantly at follow-up (Cohen’s dz = 0.805). No significant changes were observed in individual on-road driving skill subitems, physical function, cognitive function, or daily functioning after correction for multiple comparisons, except for a reduction in driving simulator accidents. Conclusions: Participation in a proactive, continuous driving transition support class was associated with multidimensional behavioral changes and improved on-road driving performance among older drivers, potentially contributing to safer mobility and healthier aging.