Analysis of influencing factors of congenital heart disease in children in Luzhou, China: a case–control study

TL;DR

This study identifies risk factors for congenital heart disease in children in Luzhou, China, using a case-control design.

Contribution

The study identifies specific independent risk factors for CHD in children, including family history and early pregnancy exposures.

Findings

Atrial septal defect was the most common single heart defect among children with CHD.

Family history of CHD, early pregnancy viral infection, and medication use were identified as independent risk factors.

Combined heart defects were present in 13.33% of CHD cases.

Abstract

The current research aimed to analyze the influencing factors for congenital heart disease (CHD) in children based on a case–control study. From January 2020 to January 2022, 60 children with CHD under 6 years of age admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University were selected as the research group. Another 60 children matched for age and sex who underwent physical examinations in our hospital without CHD were selected as the control group. The disease classification of children with CHD was determined, and the related influencing factors were analyzed. Among 60 children with CHD, atrial septal defect was the highest among the single heart defects, accounting for 36.67%, followed by ventricular septal defect (25.00%), patent ductus arteriosus (11.67%), pulmonary stenosis (6.67%), tetralogy of Fallot (5.00%), and aortic stenosis (1.67%). The rates of two or three combined heart defects were 10.00 and 3.33%, respectively. A family history of CHD, a history of viral infection in early pregnancy, and a history of medication in early pregnancy were identified as independent risk factors for CHD.