# Exploring Virtual Reality for Body Image Assessment and Psychological Interventions in Individuals With Obesity: a Comprehensive Review

## TL;DR

Virtual reality shows promise for improving body image in people with obesity, but more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness and expand its use.

## Contribution

This paper provides the first comprehensive review of VR-based interventions for body image disturbances in individuals with obesity.

## Key findings

- Experiential cognitive therapy using VR was more effective than standard therapy in reducing negative body image.
- VR interventions after bariatric surgery reduced body image dissatisfaction, but long-term benefits were inconsistent.
- Full-body illusion experiments suggest VR can modify distorted body perceptions in this population.

## Abstract

Individuals living with obesity often experience body image (BI) disturbances, which can negatively affect their quality of life and treatment outcomes. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a promising tool for enhancing psychological interventions, but no comprehensive review has specifically focused on VR‐based studies addressing BI disturbances in this population.

This comprehensive review examined studies utilizing VR for the assessment and treatment of BI disturbances in individuals with obesity. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria.

Studies were categorized into three groups: (i) VR in psychological interventions for individuals with obesity, (ii) VR interventions following metabolic and bariatric surgery, and (iii) VR‐based full‐body illusion experiments. The primary clinical application was experiential cognitive therapy, which demonstrated greater efficacy in reducing negative BI compared with standard cognitive behavioral therapy and other treatments. Studies involving post‐metabolic and bariatric surgery adults also supported VR's efficacy in reducing BI dissatisfaction, though long‐term benefits were inconsistent. Full‐body illusion experiments suggested that VR can help modify distorted body perceptions. However, most studies were conducted by the same research group, focused exclusively on women, and were limited to specific geographical regions, primarily Italy.

While preliminary results suggest that VR is a promising tool for treating BI disturbances in individuals with obesity, the field remains under‐researched. Notably, no studies have explored VR's potential as an assessment tool in this population. Future studies should include more diverse populations, investigate long‐term outcomes, and explore potential barriers to clinical implementation.