# Mechanisms and clinical research progress of mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease

## TL;DR

This paper reviews the clinical progress and mechanisms of mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for steroid-resistant acute graft-versus-host disease.

## Contribution

It summarizes recent clinical research and mechanisms of MSC therapy for steroid-refractory aGVHD in China.

## Key findings

- Over 40% of steroid-refractory aGVHD patients have poor outcomes.
- MSCs are widely studied as a second-line treatment for steroid-resistant aGVHD.
- China approved its first MSC product for treating steroid-resistant aGVHD in 2025.

## Abstract

急性移植物抗宿主病（aGVHD）是异基因造血干细胞移植后的主要并发症。糖皮质激素作为标准一线治疗药物的疗效有限，超过40％的耐药患者预后不佳。近年来，间充质基质细胞（MSC）作为激素耐药aGVHD的二线治疗药物在国内外被广泛研究。2025年国内首个MSC产品获国家药品监督管理局批准附条件上市，用于治疗14岁以上激素耐药的aGVHD患者。基于此，本文对MSC治疗激素耐药aGVHD的临床研究进展进行综述，重点探讨其作用机制与疗效评价，旨在加深对MSC临床潜力和现存挑战的理解。