# Clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of double-hit multiple myeloma with concurrent 1q21+ and t（4;14）

**Authors:** 瑛 郭, 妞 乔, 怡 陶, 坤明 刘, 皖雁 欧阳, 元昉 刘, 焰 王, 卫平 章, 坚青 糜

PMC · DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121090-20250520-00238 · Chinese Journal of Hematology · 2026-02-01

## TL;DR

This study examines a high-risk group of multiple myeloma patients with specific genetic mutations and finds that certain treatments improve outcomes, though long-term survival remains challenging.

## Contribution

The study identifies effective treatment strategies for a rare and aggressive multiple myeloma subgroup with concurrent 1q21+ and t(4;14).

## Key findings

- Patients with 1q21+ and t(4;14) have aggressive disease and poor prognosis.
- Triple therapy (PI+IMiD+CD38Ab) and auto-HSCT improve MRD negativity and PFS.
- Soft tissue extramedullary lesions at diagnosis are independent risk factors for poor survival.

## Abstract

分析同时携带1q21拷贝数增加（1q21+）与t（4;14）的双打击多发性骨髓瘤（DHMM）患者的临床特征、治疗方案及预后，探讨改善该高危亚组患者预后的有效策略。

回顾性分析2014年9月至2024年9月上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院收治的96例同时携带1q21+与t（4;14）的初治DHMM患者的基线临床特征、预后及独立预后因素，Logistic回归模型分析诱导治疗方案、自体造血干细胞移植（auto-HSCT）等与微小残留病（MRD）阴性的相关性。

96例DHMM患者中位年龄62（36～79）岁，50例（52％）为R2-ISS分期Ⅳ期，11例（11％）合并del（17p），35例（36％）接受auto-HSCT，39例（41％）采用蛋白酶体抑制剂（PI）+免疫调节剂（IMiD）+抗CD38单克隆抗体（CD38Ab）三联诱导治疗，25例（26％）达MRD阴性的完全缓解（CR）。1q21+与t（4;14）克隆大小呈正相关（r＝0.46，P<0.001），但1q21+的克隆负荷显著低于t（4;14）。中位随访36（6～126）个月，中位无进展生存（PFS）期为26（95％CI：22～50）个月，预估中位总生存（OS）期为4.3（95％CI：2.1～6.4）年，22例（23％）患者发生髓外复发。多因素分析表明，初诊伴软组织髓外病变是PFS和OS的独立危险因素（P值均<0.05），del（17p）使PFS期缩短，MRD阴性使PFS期显著延长，三联诱导治疗（PI+IMiD+CD38Ab）和auto-HSCT均能提高MRD阴性率（P值均<0.05）。

同时携带1q21+和t（4;14）的DHMM患者呈侵袭性临床特征，预后不良。三联诱导治疗（PI+IMiD+CD38Ab）和auto-HSCT与MRD阴性、PFS改善相关，但患者实现长期生存仍具挑战。

## Linked entities

- **Diseases:** multiple myeloma (MONDO:0009693)

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** SETD2 (SET domain containing 2, histone lysine methyltransferase) [NCBI Gene 29072] {aka HBP231, HIF-1, HIP-1, HSPC069, HYPB, KMT3A}, EMB (embigin) [NCBI Gene 133418] {aka GP70}, FGFR3 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 3) [NCBI Gene 2261] {aka ACH, CD333, CEK2, HSFGFR3EX, JTK4}, IGH (immunoglobulin heavy locus) [NCBI Gene 3492] {aka IGD1, IGH.1@, IGH@, IGHD@, IGHDY1, IGHJ}, NSD2 (nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 2) [NCBI Gene 7468] {aka KMT3F, KMT3G, MMSET, RAUST, REIIBP, TRX5}, CCND1 (cyclin D1) [NCBI Gene 595] {aka BCL1, D11S287E, PRAD1, U21B31}, MAFB (MAF bZIP transcription factor B) [NCBI Gene 9935] {aka DURS3, KRML, MCTO}, CD38 (CD38 molecule) [NCBI Gene 952] {aka ADPRC 1, ADPRC1, cADPR1}, S100A10 (S100 calcium binding protein A10) [NCBI Gene 6281] {aka 42C, ANX2L, ANX2LG, CAL1L, CLP11, Ca[1]}, RB1 (RB transcriptional corepressor 1) [NCBI Gene 5925] {aka OSRC, PPP1R130, RB, p105-Rb, p110-RB1, pRb}, SDC1 (syndecan 1) [NCBI Gene 6382] {aka CD138, SDC, SYND1, syndecan}, TP53 (tumor protein p53) [NCBI Gene 7157] {aka BCC7, BMFS5, LFS1, P53, TRP53}
- **Diseases:** EM-E del(17p (MESH:C538045), ISS (MESH:C564479), EMD (MESH:D020389), EM-E (MESH:D016751), DHMM (MESH:D009101), sEMD (MESH:C537501), DHMM,69 (OMIM:616697)
- **Chemicals:** PI (MESH:D010716)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

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## References

25 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC13008560/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC13008560