# Crystal structure of the Legionella pneumophila effector SidL (Lpg0437) in complex with its metaeffector LegA11 (Lpg0436)

## TL;DR

This study reveals how the protein LegA11 suppresses the activity of SidL in Legionella pneumophila, helping the bacteria avoid host defenses.

## Contribution

The crystal structure of the SidL-LegA11 complex and functional validation of their interaction is newly presented.

## Key findings

- The SidL-LegA11 complex forms a high-affinity 1:1 interaction with a 2.4 Å crystal structure.
- LegA11 suppresses SidL's ability to inhibit host mRNA translation through direct binding.
- Mutagenesis of key residues in LegA11 disrupts its metaeffector function.

## Abstract

Legionella pneumophila is an opportunistic human pathogen that causes atypical pneumonia called Legionnaires’ Disease. To replicate within host cells, L. pneumophila injects up to 330 effector proteins into the host cytosol via a Dot/Icm type IV secretion system. Several effectors, called metaeffectors, regulate the activity of other effectors within infected host cells through direct protein-protein interactions. LegA11 (AnkJ/Lpg0436) has been identified as a metaeffector of SidL (Ceg14/Lpg0437), one of eight L. pneumophila effectors that inhibit host mRNA translation. LegA11 binds and suppresses SidL enzymatic activity, but the molecular basis of this regulation and impact on mRNA translation are unknown. Here, we present the crystal structure of SidL in complex with LegA11 to a resolution of 2.4 Å, revealing a high-affinity 1:1 complex with an extensive interaction interface of ~ 2300 Å2. Using isothermal titration calorimetry, we determined a dissociation constant of 1.8 nM. In vitro translation assays demonstrate that SidL inhibits mRNA translation, and this activity is completely suppressed by LegA11. Mutagenesis of key interface residues in LegA11 disrupts complex formation and abolishes its metaeffector activity, confirming that LegA11 regulates SidL through direct protein-protein interaction. These findings show that LegA11 is a metaeffector that contributes to suppression of host mRNA translation by L. pneumophila.