# Addressing Bias, Privacy, Security, and Patient Autonomy in Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Driven Healthcare: A Review of Current Guidelines

## TL;DR

This paper reviews global and Indian regulations on AI in healthcare, focusing on privacy, security, and ethics.

## Contribution

It contrasts global regulations with India's new 2023 data privacy law and proposes policy recommendations for ethical AI governance.

## Key findings

- Global regulations like GDPR and OECD guidelines are compared with India's Digital Personal Data Protection Act.
- Ethical challenges such as AI bias and patient consent are highlighted with global case studies.
- Policy recommendations aim to harmonize international standards and strengthen AI governance in healthcare.

## Abstract

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare has revolutionized patient care, diagnostics, and operational efficiency. However, the reliance of AI systems on vast amounts of personal data raises significant concerns regarding data privacy, security, and ethical governance. This narrative review examines global regulations, including the General Data Protection Regulation, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, and Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines, and contrasts them with India’s evolving data privacy landscape, particularly under the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023. The review explores key ethical challenges, including AI bias, patient consent, data security, and algorithmic transparency, and provides case studies from around the world. The paper concludes with policy recommendations to harmonize international standards, strengthen AI governance in healthcare, and foster ethical AI development.