# What is new in Freezing of Gait?

## TL;DR

This paper reviews recent advancements in understanding and managing freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.

## Contribution

The paper highlights new clinical definitions, outcome measures, and technological approaches for freezing of gait.

## Key findings

- The ICFOG introduced updated definitions and a standardized testing protocol for FOG.
- New ClinRO and PRO outcome measures are being developed for FOG assessment.
- Technological advances are enabling personalized treatment strategies for FOG.

## Abstract

Freezing of Gait (FOG) research is entering a rapidly evolving phase. Published in early 2026, the International Consortium for FOG (ICFOG) released updated clinical and technical definitions of FOG and introduced a consensus-based standardized testing protocol, the Giladi protocol (GP-FOG), which is currently still under evaluation in an ongoing study. Complementing these advances, two new outcome measures, the clinician-reported outcome (ClinRO) and the patient-reported outcome (PRO), are highlighted in this review. Recent technological developments in both detection and potential prevention of FOG are moving the field toward individualized, biomarker-based, on-demand treatment strategies. In addition, emerging insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of FOG, particularly nondopaminergic contributions, are discussed. Together, these developments provide a contemporary framework for improving the assessment, understanding, and personalized management of FOG in Parkinson’s disease.