# A self-regulated photothermal anti-/deicing film for all-season applications

## TL;DR

A self-regulating film that prevents ice in winter and reduces heat in summer could improve safety and energy efficiency in various applications.

## Contribution

The film's trilayer design enables dynamic thermal regulation and solar modulation for all-season use.

## Key findings

- The film achieves 92% solar absorptance in winter and 62% solar modulation in summer.
- It prolongs freezing time by 10-fold at −20 °C and lowers surface temperature by up to 17 °C in hot weather.

## Abstract

Ice accumulation poses a significant threat to aviation safety and energy infrastructure. Photothermal superhydrophobic surfaces offer a promising anti-/deicing strategy; however, their excessive heat absorption in summer accelerates material degradation and exacerbates urban heat island effects, highlighting the urgent need for dynamic thermal regulation. In this study, we present a self-regulated photothermal storage superhydrophobic film with a trilayer design, comprising a photothermal phase-change base layer, a freeze-resistant thermochromic hydrogel interlayer, and a transparent superhydrophobic top layer. This multifunctional design enables seasonal adaptability, achieving 92% solar absorptance for efficient anti-/deicing in winter and 62% solar modulation to mitigate overheating in summer. This dual mode prolongs freezing time by 10-fold at −20 °C and lowers surface temperature by up to 17 °C in hot weather, demonstrating substantial potential for global building energy-savings. Additionally, its ultraviolet-blocking capability and durable superhydrophobicity ensure long-term durability performance in harsh environments. This work not only addresses the critical overheating challenge in photothermal materials but also advances the development of next-generation anti-icing systems.

A self-regulated photothermal superhydrophobic film with strong solar modulation, energy storage, and durability is reported, switching between black and white as temperature changes, enabling winter anti-/deicing and summer overheating prevention.