# Terrestrial and Airborne Laser Scanning Dataset of Trees in the Shivalik Range, India with Field Measurements and Leaf–Wood Classifications

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a detailed LiDAR dataset of trees in India's Shivalik Range, including field measurements and classifications for ecological and biomass studies.

## Contribution

The dataset is one of the first open-access LiDAR resources for Indian tropical forests, with precise TLS-ALS integration and benchmarking tools.

## Key findings

- The dataset includes 674 trees from 24 species with TLS and ALS data, field measurements, and RGB imagery.
- Segmented tree data and leaf–wood classifications are provided for biomass estimation and species classification.
- Benchmarking results from multiple algorithms are included to support model development and validation.

## Abstract

Annotated datasets are essential for training and evaluating machine learning models in forest ecology. This dataset provides high-resolution, annotated LiDAR point clouds of 674 individual trees from 12 forest plots in the Shivalik Range of northern Haryana, India, representing 24 species. Data were acquired using Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS), include field-measured attributes such as species identity and Diameter at Breast Height (DBH), and terrestrial and aerial RGB imagery. TLS point clouds were georeferenced and co-registered with centimetre-level accuracy, enabling precise integration with ALS data. The dataset includes segmented individual trees and wood–leaf classifications, suitable for applications such as tree morphology analysis, biomass estimation, and species classification. To support benchmarking, outputs from established classification algorithms (LeWoS, TLSeparation, CANUPO, and Random Forest) are included. As one of the first open-access LiDAR datasets from Indian tropical forests, it provides critical reference data for developing and validating forest structure models. It can also aid biomass mapping efforts in support of large-scale missions such as NASA-ISRO’s NISAR and ESA’s BIOMASS.