# Multi-objective Big Bang Big Crunch framework for reliable rice disease and variety classification with conditional calibration

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new framework for classifying rice diseases and varieties that improves model reliability and efficiency for real-world use.

## Contribution

The MO-BBBC framework introduces conditional temperature scaling to jointly optimize multiple deployment criteria for rice classification.

## Key findings

- MO-BBBC achieves 90.6% disease accuracy and 97.9% variety accuracy.
- The framework improves calibration to AECE=0.0138, significantly better than post-hoc baselines.
- It supports real-time inference with low latency and energy consumption.

## Abstract

Deploying rice disease detectors in the field remains challenging because models that are accurate in the lab are often poorly calibrated and provide limited uncertainty estimates, raising the risk of costly misclassification. This paper proposes a multi-objective Big-Bang Big-Crunch (MO-BBBC) framework that jointly performs disease detection and variety classification while optimizing six deployment-oriented criteria: classification error, calibration quality, uncertainty estimation, model size, inference latency, and energy consumption. The proposed framework presents conditional temperature scaling, an adaptive scheme that mitigates over-calibration and preserves reliability. The framework is implemented in Python on a lightweight two-headed classifier and evaluated on the Paddy Doctor dataset, MO-BBBC base framework achieves 90.6% disease accuracy and 97.9% variety accuracy; improves calibration to AECE=0.0138  (≈70 % better than strong post-hoc baselines); achieves micro-AUC of 0.994/0.999 and micro-AP of 0.961/0.994 (disease/variety); delivers robust OOD detection (AUROC = 0.887/0.886); and supports real-time inference at ≈0.48  ms and 0.47  ms per 64-sample batch on CPU/GPU with Monte Carlo Dropout uncertainty. The resulting Pareto set enables practitioners to trade accuracy for efficiency and reliability, narrowing the gap between prototype validation and field deployment in precision agriculture.