# Functional group analysis of cigarette butts in beach sand and their association with microplastics: Bocagrande Beach, Cartagena, Colombia

## TL;DR

Cigarette butts on beaches release microplastics and harmful chemicals, contributing to coastal pollution and highlighting the need for better waste management.

## Contribution

This study identifies the functional groups from cigarette butts in beach sand and links them to microplastic fibers, showing their environmental impact.

## Key findings

- 44% of CB-related functional groups were detected in the beach sand, with 36% linked to cellulose acetate degradation.
- Functional groups from cigarette butts matched those in microplastic fibers in sediments, indicating a pollution source.
- The study highlights the need for improved waste management to reduce cigarette butt pollution in coastal areas.

## Abstract

Cigarette butts are one of the most abundant litter items on beaches and represent an emerging source of microplastic pollution due to the degradation of their cellulose acetate filters. When improperly discarded on beach sand, cigarette butts release chemical contaminants and undergo physical and photo-oxidative fragmentation, generating persistent fiber-type microplastics in coastal environments. This study assessed the presence and characteristics of microplastics (MPs) associated with cigarette butt (CB) and cigarette butt fiber (CBF) residues in beach sand at a pilot tourist site. Monthly sampling was conducted across 16 campaigns between 2021 and 2022 to evaluate temporal trends in microplastic categories. Triplicate samples of CBs, CBFs, and beach sand were collected from usage-based zones and analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify functional groups and polymeric composition. The results indicated that 44% of the CB-related functional groups reported in the literature were detected in the service area, with 36% associated with cellulose acetate degradation. The correspondence between functional groups identified in CBs and those detected in fiber-type MPs in sediments suggests that cigarette butts constitute a relevant source of hazardous MP fibers in beach environments. These findings support the need for improved waste management strategies and policy measures aimed at reducing CB pollution in coastal areas.