Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Its Associated Factors Among Male Road Transport Workers in Brazil

TL;DR

This study found that nearly 40% of male road transport workers in Brazil experience excessive daytime sleepiness, linked to age, race, marital status, anxiety, poor sleep quality, and long work hours.

Contribution

The study identifies key demographic, behavioral, and health factors associated with excessive daytime sleepiness in male road transport workers in Brazil.

Findings

39.9% of drivers reported excessive daytime sleepiness.

EDS was associated with age 41–60, non-white skin color, marriage, anxiety, and high sleep apnea risk.

Long working hours and poor sleep quality increased the likelihood of EDS.

Abstract

This study aimed to estimate the occurrence of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and its associated factors among male road transport workers. A cross‐sectional study was conducted with a non‐probabilistic sample of 414 drivers recruited at gas stations and parking lots in Formosa and Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil, in 2024. The presence of EDS was evaluated using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and the investigated associated factors included demographic, socioeconomic, behavioural, health and professional characteristics. Logistic regression was used to explore the factors associated with EDS. The prevalence of EDS in the sample was 39.9% (95% CI: 35.1–44.6). After adjustment, a higher probability of EDS was observed among drivers aged between 41 and 60 years, with non‐white skin colour, and those who were married. The analysis also indicated that drivers with high levels of anxiety and a high risk of obstructive sleep apnea were more susceptible to EDS whereas drivers with good sleep quality and adequate rest practices had a lower probability of EDS. Additionally, long working hours significantly increased the chance of EDS. In conclusion, the findings of this study revealed a high occurrence of EDS among male road transport drivers and its association with demographic characteristics, working conditions, mental health and sleep quality. Therefore, strategies addressing these factors are essential to reducing the occurrence of EDS and contributing to a safer road environment.