# Mind over matter? The cognitive styles of scientific scepticism and paranormal belief

## TL;DR

The study explores how scientific and paranormal beliefs relate to different thinking styles, finding two distinct groups based on evidence-based reasoning.

## Contribution

The study identifies two cognitive profiles linked to scientific versus paranormal belief using Latent Profile Analysis.

## Key findings

- Higher Evidence-based Thinking (HET) individuals show strong scientific belief and analytical processing.
- Lower Evidence-based Thinking (LET) individuals exhibit low scientific belief and high intuitive processing.
- Cognitive rigidity does not distinguish between HET and LET profiles.

## Abstract

Scientific scepticism, as an epistemic orientation, remains under-researched. This study investigated the interplay between belief in science, supernatural credence, and cognitive processing styles in a sample of 300 participants (Mage = 45.95, SD = 14.32). Traditional (TPB) and New Age (NAP) paranormal beliefs correlated positively with intuitive-experiential measures and negatively with analytical-rational processing indices. Belief in Science showed the inverse pattern of relationships. Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) identified two distinct subgroups: Higher Evidence-based Thinking (HET; 55%), defined by high scientific and low paranormal belief, and Lower Evidence-based Thinking (LET; 45%), characterized by low scientific and high paranormal belief. HET (vs. LET) participants demonstrated significantly greater analytical-rational and lower intuitive-experiential processing. Cognitive rigidity (dogmatism and need for closure) did not differentiate between profiles, suggesting these are belief-neutral characteristics of strongly held convictions. Findings indicated that scientific and paranormal beliefs represent oppositional worldviews associated with distinct, preferred modes of information processing.