# Lipidomic analysis of bile from patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

## TL;DR

This study compares bile lipid profiles in patients with cholangiocarcinoma, gallstones, and healthy individuals to identify potential biomarkers for these conditions.

## Contribution

The study reveals distinct lipidomic patterns in bile that differentiate extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and choledocholithiasis from healthy controls.

## Key findings

- Phosphatidylcholine levels were lower in both eCCA and choledocholithiasis compared to controls.
- Diacylglycerol lipids were higher in eCCA, while acylcarnitine lipids were higher in choledocholithiasis.
- Lysophosphatidylcholine levels were significantly lower in eCCA than in choledocholithiasis.

## Abstract

Cholangiocarcinoma and gallstones are significant gastrointestinal diseases with diverse etiologies and complex clinical manifestations. Understanding their underlying molecular mechanisms is crucial for advancing diagnosis and treatment strategies. In this study, we compared the lipidomic profiles of bile samples from patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA) or choledocholithiasis with those of healthy controls to identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Bile samples were prospectively collected from 33 patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography at the Korea University Guro Hospital, including 12 patients with eCCA, 15 with choledocholithiasis, and six controls. Lipidomic profiling was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis, ANOVA, and volcano plots were used to identify the differential lipidomic signatures across the groups.

A total of 230 lipid metabolites were identified, and significant differences were observed among the groups; each group had distinct lipidomic patterns. In both eCCA and choledocholithiasis, phosphatidylcholine contents were consistently more downregulated than in controls. However, diacylglycerol lipids were upregulated in eCCA while acylcarnitine lipids were upregulated in choledocholithiasis. Lysophosphatidylcholine levels were notably lower in patients with eCCA than in those with choledocholithiasis.

Our results suggested that specific lipidomic changes and their inter-relationships contribute to the pathophysiology of choledocholithiasis and eCCA. Longitudinal studies and functional assays can further validate the findings and translate them into clinical practice.