# Investigating the Impact of Lived Experience Stories on Self-Harm, Mood, and Help-Seeking Intentions: Web-Based Between-Participants Experimental Study in Individuals With Recent Self-Harm

## TL;DR

This study explores how different types of online personal stories affect people who self-harm, focusing on their mood and willingness to seek help.

## Contribution

The study experimentally investigates how help-seeking messages in online lived experience stories influence psychological outcomes in individuals with recent self-harm.

## Key findings

- Stories mentioning self-help strategies reduced negative affect more than other types.
- Including help-seeking messages did not significantly increase help-seeking intentions.
- Participants found stories more relatable when they included realistic and hopeful recovery perspectives.

## Abstract

Lived experience stories are often used on formal help sites as a support resource for individuals who self-harm. While self-harm–related internet use provides an alternative for individuals who are not yet ready or are unwilling or unable to access support offline, it has also been shown to unintentionally reinforce self-harm behavior. There are several components that might influence whether a lived experience story is perceived as helpful, unhelpful, or potentially harmful, and the evidence supporting that these encourage help-seeking in the reader is limited.

This study is part of a mixed methods project that aimed to investigate how variations in help-seeking messages contained within online lived experience stories are interpreted by and psychologically impact those with a history of self-harm.

Individuals with a recent history of self-harm were recruited via newsletters, social media, and websites run by the university and mental health charities to take part in an online experiment. During the experiment, participants were randomized to read stories that either mentioned (1) self-help strategies, (2) seeking help from informal and formal sources, or (3) did not mention help-seeking. Help-seeking intentions, mood, entrapment, and expectations of future self-harm were measured, and participants provided feedback on the stories.

There was limited evidence for an effect of story type on help-seeking intentions (F2, 230=4.2; P=.02; η2=0.25), and clearer evidence for an effect of story type on negative affect (F2, 230=4.02; P=.02; η2=0.10; adjustment for age, gender, and help-seeking history included). Participants in the “self-help” condition (n=83) reported lower negative affect after reading the stories compared to participants in the “no help” condition (n=80; mean difference=–3.97, 95% CI –7.72 to –0.22; P=.04) and the “informal/formal” help condition (n=75; mean difference=–3.70, 95% CI –7.55 to 0.14; P=.06). A key criticism of the stories was that they were unrelatable, but this sentiment was less prevalent among those in the “no help” condition. Key positives were that the stories included a realistic but hopeful outlook of recovery (less prevalent in the “informal/formal help” condition) and were supportive (less prevalent in the “no help” condition).

While the inclusion of self-help strategies in a lived experience story reduced its impact on negative affect, the inclusion of self-help strategies or seeking help from others did not encourage help-seeking intentions. Making stories relatable, authentic, and providing multiple strategies for support might be key to encouraging help-seeking, but more research is needed.