# Progression of bone and joint space deformity in patients with mild knee osteoarthritis: Data from the IMI-APPROACH cohort

## TL;DR

This study shows that bone and joint deformities in mild knee osteoarthritis patients can worsen over two years, highlighting the importance of leg alignment in disease progression.

## Contribution

The study identifies dynamic progression of bone and joint varus deformities in early knee OA, emphasizing the role of malalignment in disease development.

## Key findings

- Femurs tended to become more varus-like over two years, especially in those with initial valgus.
- Patients with bone varus and normal joint line convergence showed significant intra-articular joint varus progression.
- Intra-articular joint and bone varus deformities progressed notably within two years in mild OA patients.

## Abstract

This study aimed to divide leg malalignment into different categories of valgus and varus of the femur, tibia, and intra-articular knee joint and investigates whether knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients are susceptible for changes of such leg deformities over time.

This study included 317 radiographs and CT-images on baseline and 24 months of 169 patients (median age 67, 78.2 % female) of the prospective European IMI-APPROACH cohort, enrolled for knee OA. Femoral, tibial, and intra-articular geometry was determined. Different categories were analysed based on varus or valgus in the femur, in the tibia, or within the intra-articular joint. Changes of these variables over time and their correlations were determined with mixed model analysis.

Femurs tended to become more varus-like over the two-year follow up (0.3°, 95 % CI 0.6°–0.1°, p = 0.02), bony valgus femurs became more varus shaped (1.1°, 95 % CI:1.7°–0.5°, p < 0.001). Patients with bone varus and a normal joint line convergence angle (JLCA) showed a significant increase in intra-articular joint varus, with a mean JLCA increase of 1.1°(95 % CI:0.4°–1.7°, p = 0.005). By two years, they reached the threshold for defining intra-articular joint varus deformity, with a JLCA of 2.0°.

Substantial intra-articular joint and bone varus progression was observed within two years. This study shows that bone deformity is to some extent a dynamic process and there is a growing varus malalignment in the intra-articular knee joint and bones. Thereby this study emphasizes the importance of leg malalignment for progression of intra-articular knee joint changes in early OA.