# Evaluating DBP Formation in Chlorinated Drinking Water: Effects of Contact with System Materials

## TL;DR

This study examines how materials in water systems affect chlorine and disinfection byproducts, finding that certain materials can significantly increase harmful byproduct formation.

## Contribution

The study introduces a worst-case scenario analysis of material interactions with chlorinated water, revealing new insights into DBP formation.

## Key findings

- Chlorine depletion exceeding 90% was observed with epoxy resins, seals, and cement.
- Trichloromethane (TCM) levels exceeded 100 μg/L in samples with epoxy resins, cement, and polyamide.
- Higher temperatures increased DOC leaching and THM formation, indicating material leachates as DBP precursors.

## Abstract

Climate-driven challenges
probably increase disinfection in drinking
water systems. Interactions between disinfectants and infrastructure
materials remain understudied. This study quantifies the consumption
of chlorine, the release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and the
formation of regulated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) from 20 common
materials: polymeric pipes, seals, fittings, epoxy resins, and cement
mortar. The materials were pulverized to maximize the surface area
and create a worst-case scenario. The results were compared with standardized
migration tests. Chlorine depletion (>90%) was observed in the
waters
exposed to epoxy resins, seals, and cement. The formation of DBP,
especially trichloromethane (TCM), exceeded 100 μg/L in samples
of epoxy resins, cement, vulcanized fiber, and polyamide; TCM was
detected in polyethylene pipe materials at concentrations between
5 and 18 μg/L. Increased temperatures enhanced DOC leaching
and THM formation. Relations between DOC and DBP concentrations indicate
material leachates as precursors. The results highlight the importance
of material selection and testing for disinfected drinking water systems,
providing critical insights for risk assessment, material certification,
and regulatory development.