# Two codes of RNA editing by deamination in human diseases

## TL;DR

The paper explores how two types of RNA editing, A-to-I and C-to-U, affect human health and disease by altering RNA and protein function.

## Contribution

The study provides a comprehensive and parallel overview of ADAR and APOBEC-mediated RNA editing mechanisms and their roles in health and disease.

## Key findings

- RNA editing events are linked to immune imbalance, viral infection, neurological issues, and cancer.
- A-to-I editing is widespread in tissues, while C-to-U editing is tissue-specific.
- Aberrant RNA editing disrupts gene expression and contributes to disease progression.

## Abstract

RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification that expands transcriptomic and proteomic diversity. Advances in high-throughput sequencing across a broad range of biological and pathological contexts have enabled systematic identification of editing events driven by two major RNA deaminase families: ADAR and APOBEC, which catalyze adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) and cytidine-to-uridine (C-to-U) substitution, respectively. Genome-wide profiling of RNA editing has uncovered a substantial number of differentially edited loci in various conditions, implicating the post-transcriptional events in physiological and pathological regulation. Aberrant RNA editing alters the functional information of coding and noncoding transcripts, perturbing protein activity, RNA stability and other gene expression programs, which contributes to immune imbalance, viral infection, neurological impairment, metabolic disorders and tumorigenesis. The two codes of A-to-I and C-to-U RNA editing harbor common potential for single base conversion with varied expression of responsible enzymes across many physiological and pathological conditions. Here we provide a comprehensive and parallel overview on ADAR-mediated A-to-I and APOBEC-mediated C-to-U editing, with emphasis on their molecular mechanisms, physiological roles and pathological dysregulation in human health and disease.

RNA editing is a process that changes the genetic information in RNA molecules after they are made from DNA. The study explores two main types of RNA editing: adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) and cytidine-to-uridine (C-to-U). Researchers aim to understand how these processes affect human health and disease. The study reviews how RNA editing works and its role in various biological functions. It uses data from human and mouse genetics to explore how RNA editing impacts immunity, viral infections, brain function, metabolism and cancer. The researchers highlight that A-to-I editing is common in many tissues, while C-to-U editing is more specific to certain tissues. The findings show that RNA editing can influence disease development, such as cancer progression and immune system disorders. The researchers conclude that understanding RNA editing could lead to new treatments for diseases.

This summary was initially drafted using artificial intelligence, then revised and fact-checked by the author.