# Machine-learning–guided transcriptomic integration identifies GFM1 as a lactylation-related candidate biomarker in aortic dissection

## TL;DR

This study uses machine learning and transcriptomic data to identify GFM1 as a potential biomarker linked to lactylation in aortic dissection, a severe aortic disease.

## Contribution

The novel use of machine learning and transcriptomic integration to identify GFM1 as a lactylation-related candidate biomarker in aortic dissection.

## Key findings

- GFM1 expression is elevated in aortic dissection tissues.
- GFM1 knockdown reduces angiotensin II-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration.
- Integrated transcriptomics and machine learning nominate GFM1 as a candidate biomarker for aortic dissection.

## Abstract

Aortic dissection (AD) is a life-threatening aortic disease with limited disease-modifying pharmacologic options. Lysine lactylation is a metabolism-linked post-translational modification implicated in vascular and inflammatory biology, but its relationship to AD has not been well characterized. Public AD transcriptomic datasets were integrated for differential expression analysis and WGCNA. Lactylation-related DEGs were defined by intersecting DEGs with a curated lactylation-related gene set. Candidate genes were prioritized using complementary machine-learning models (LASSO, Random Forest, and XGBoost) as a feature-screening strategy with internal resampling and hold-out validation (cross-validation and a hold-out set). GFM1 expression was assessed by qRT-PCR and western blotting in human aortic tissues. Functional relevance was examined in primary mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) using siRNA knockdown under angiotensin II stimulation (1.0 µmol/L, 24 h), with proliferation and migration assessed by CCK-8, EdU, Transwell, and scratch-wound assays. We identified 217 DEGs and an AD-associated co-expression module. Intersection analysis yielded 11 lactylation-related DEGs, among which GFM1 received consistent support across models. GFM1 showed higher expression in AD tissues, and GFM1 knockdown attenuated angiotensin II–induced VSMCs proliferation and migration. Integrated transcriptomics and machine-learning–based prioritization nominate GFM1 as a lactylation-related candidate associated with AD, warranting further investigation. These findings are hypothesis-generating: model performance reflects internal evaluation only, and independent external validation and direct lactylation profiling are required to establish generalizability and clarify mechanistic links.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-026-40139-9.