# Strengthening Undergraduate Medical Education for Inclusive Health Care for People With Down Syndrome and Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in Medical Schools: Protocol for a Scoping Review

## TL;DR

This study aims to improve medical education for caring for people with Down syndrome and intellectual disabilities by reviewing current teaching methods and identifying gaps.

## Contribution

The study introduces a scoping review protocol to map and synthesize evidence on undergraduate medical education for individuals with Down syndrome and intellectual developmental disabilities.

## Key findings

- The review will identify gaps in medical education curricula for individuals with Down syndrome and intellectual developmental disabilities.
- It will provide insights into pedagogical strategies and practical learning opportunities for medical students.
- The findings will inform evidence-based recommendations to enhance inclusive healthcare training.

## Abstract

Health inequities represent a persistent and multifaceted challenge, particularly pronounced for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs), including Down syndrome (DS). This population frequently faces systemic barriers to care and is at higher risk of adverse health outcomes. Despite advances, gaps persist in health care professionals’ training for caring for this population. Undergraduate medical education constitutes a crucial component in addressing these disparities and promoting inclusive care, especially through practical experiences for future physicians.

This study aims to map and synthesize evidence regarding undergraduate medical education for the care of individuals with DS and other IDDs in medical schools, identifying gaps and opportunities for enhancement in curricula and educational programs, including pedagogical strategies and experiential learning opportunities.

A scoping review following the methodological frameworks by Arksey and O’Malley, Levac et al, and the Joanna Briggs Institute will be conducted. The search will be performed in electronic databases and gray literature sources using descriptors in English, Portuguese, and Spanish. Study selection will involve undergraduate medical students as the target population. Two independent reviewers will perform study selection following predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data will be extracted using a standardized form and synthesized narratively, with qualitative (thematic) and descriptive quantitative analyses where appropriate. This protocol has been registered with the Open Science Framework and will adhere to the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines.

A comprehensive overview of current undergraduate medical education regarding the care of individuals with DS and other IDDs will be provided, informing the development of more effective and inclusive interventions and yielding insights into existing pedagogical strategies, practical learning opportunities, and medical students’ knowledge and attitudes toward this population, providing a foundation for evidence-based recommendations.

This review will address an important gap in the literature, providing insights for the improvement of undergraduate medical education and clinical practice in caring for individuals with DS and other IDDs, contributing to the development of more capable and empathetic professionals. By systematically mapping the current landscape and identifying specific needs, this protocol lays the groundwork for transformative changes in medical curricula worldwide, ultimately enhancing health outcomes for this vulnerable population.