# Research progress on the damage of lipid peroxidation to the body and its correlation with metabolic diseases

## TL;DR

This review explores how lipid peroxidation contributes to metabolic diseases and highlights the gap between understanding its mechanisms and developing effective treatments.

## Contribution

The paper introduces a three-tiered analytical framework to better understand and address lipid peroxidation's role in metabolic diseases.

## Key findings

- Lipid peroxidation targets specific molecular components, influencing disease-specific pathology.
- Shared mechanistic themes like inflammation and metabolic dysregulation drive organ-specific damage.
- Current therapies show promise but require mechanism-informed, personalized approaches for effectiveness.

## Abstract

Lipid peroxidation is a critical oxidative stress response implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous metabolic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). While its role in damaging cellular components such as membranes, proteins, and DNA is well-documented, a significant translational gap persists between our mechanistic understanding and the development of effective clinical interventions. This review critically examines this disconnect by proposing and applying a three-tiered analytical framework. First, we identify and compare the hierarchy of initial molecular targets (e.g., mitochondrial cardiolipin, LDL phospholipids, specific protein thiols) across diseases, arguing that this hierarchy dictates pathological specificity. Second, we trace how these initial insults propagate through shared yet context-dependent mechanistic themes—metabolic dysregulation, inflammatory amplification, and cell death decisions—to drive organ-specific pathology. Third, we synthesize and critically evaluate current and emerging therapeutic strategies (e.g., antioxidants, ferroptosis inhibitors, nutritional modulation) against this mechanistic backdrop, highlighting their potential, limitations, and the need for mechanism-informed, personalized approaches. By moving beyond a descriptive catalog of effects, this review aims to provide a dynamic, intervention-oriented perspective essential for bridging basic science discoveries with translational innovation in combating lipid peroxidation-associated metabolic disorders.