# Physics constrained graph neural network for real time prediction of intracranial aneurysm hemodynamics

## TL;DR

A new physics-based AI model predicts blood flow in brain aneurysms quickly, helping doctors assess rupture risk and plan treatments.

## Contribution

The first physics-constrained graph neural network for real-time 3D hemodynamic prediction in intracranial aneurysms.

## Key findings

- The model predicts full 3D, time-resolved hemodynamic fields in near real time.
- It generalizes to unseen patient geometries and varying inflow conditions without fine-tuning.
- A benchmark dataset of 105 patient-derived aneurysm geometries with CFD fields is publicly released.

## Abstract

Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are life-threatening vascular conditions requiring accurate risk assessment to guide treatment. Hemodynamic biomarkers such as wall shear stress and oscillatory shear index are promising predictors of rupture risk but remain underused clinically due to the high computational cost of traditional CFD methods. We propose a physics-constrained graph neural network (GNN) framework trained on high-fidelity CFD data to predict full 3D, time-resolved hemodynamic fields throughout the cardiac cycle. Our model incorporates enhanced node features and physics-based constraints to capture complex spatio-temporal flow behavior in near real time. It generalizes to varying inflow conditions and unseen patient-specific geometries with no fine-tuning. Additionally, we release a benchmark dataset of 105 patient-derived aneurysm geometries with CFD fields to support the machine learning (ML) community. This is the first GNN model applied to transient 3D aneurysmal flow prediction, paving the way for rapid, AI-driven hemodynamic analysis toward risk stratification and treatment planning.