# Implementing a novel PAM-4 modulation/demodulation scheme along with source and link protection in a high capacity data center architecture

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new data center design using advanced signal modulation and protection to boost bandwidth and reliability.

## Contribution

A novel PAM-4 modulation/demodulation scheme with source and link protection is proposed for high-capacity data centers.

## Key findings

- The architecture uses a few optical sources to transport data across many links.
- PAM-4 modulation achieves 100 Gbps data rates by transmitting two bits per symbol.
- The design protects against laser and channel failures while reducing bit error rates under noise.

## Abstract

Desirable data-center features include cost efficiency, high bandwidth, scalability, and protection against component failures. In this study, we propose an architecture that employs a small number of optical sources to transport data over a large number of links inside a data center. To further increase the bandwidth, two bits per symbol are transmitted by employing a novel technique for the generation and demodulation of pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) signals having a data rate of 100 Gbps. The proposed architecture provides protection against two major sources of breakdown, the laser source and the channel used for the transmission of signals. Furthermore, diversity gain can also be achieved by simultaneously transmitting the same optical signals through different channels inside the data center. The performance of the proposed architecture is observed in terms of bit error rate under different amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise powers.