# Electronic Skins for Advanced Wound Healing: Biomimetic Thermoregulation and Bioelectrically Active Systems

## TL;DR

This paper reviews advanced electronic skin technologies for wound healing, focusing on biomimetic thermoregulation and bioelectric systems to improve healing efficiency and feedback.

## Contribution

The paper systematically reviews structural innovations and emerging bioelectrically active electronic skins for advanced wound healing.

## Key findings

- Biomimetic thermotherapeutic electronic skins using thermoelectric polymer composites show promise for wound healing.
- Multifunctional hydrogel-integrated and drug-delivery electronic skins offer enhanced healing capabilities.
- Challenges remain in achieving low-cost, scalable, and clinically applicable electronic skin solutions.

## Abstract

Urgent demand for wound healing treatments has driven rapid advancement in electronic skin technology. As a promising wound healing approach, electronic skin offers advantages such as flexible conformability, autonomous sensing, and intelligent regulation. However, mainstream electronic healing patches face significant challenges in complex wound applications, including insufficient coordination, delayed response, limited healing efficiency, and inadequate feedback. Therefore, developing innovative wound healing technologies that integrate high efficiency, multi-module drive, and closed-loop feedback is imperative. The advanced development of electronic skin for wound healing is urgently needed to be systematically reviewed. Here, first, the structural innovations and design strategies for biomimetic thermotherapeutic electronic skins based on thermoelectric polymer composites and interactive temperature biomimetic regulation are summarized. Subsequently, several emerging bioelectrically active electronic skins are reviewed, including drug-delivery electronic skins, multifunctional hydrogel-integrated electronic skins, and photoelectric synergistic stimulation electronic skins, along with an analysis of their advanced designs and innovative advantages. Last but not least, potential challenges facing the future development of electronic skin are explored. Practical solutions are proposed for advancing low-cost, clinically applicable, and scalable electronic skin development, aiming to drive breakthrough progress in therapeutic wound healing.