# Calcium Phosphate–Poly(methyl methacrylate) Composite Layers Synthetized in Radio-Frequency Magnetron Sputtering Discharge

## TL;DR

This paper describes the synthesis of calcium phosphate-polymer composite layers using radio-frequency magnetron sputtering and analyzes their properties.

## Contribution

The study introduces a novel method to synthesize composite layers and examines their structural and chemical changes with varying radio-frequency power.

## Key findings

- Increasing radio-frequency power leads to lower electron energies and enhanced polymer dissociation.
- Plasma polymer formation is indicated by increased C-C/C-H and C-OH/C-O-C bonds at the layer surface.
- The Ca/P ratio increases with higher radio-frequency power while maintaining an amorphous structure.

## Abstract

Calcium phosphate–poly(methyl-methacrylate) composite layers have been synthetized on silicon substrates in magnetron sputtering discharge by adjusting the radio-frequency power. The electron energy distribution function measured at holder substrate position shifts to lower energies when the radio-frequency power applied to the magnetron source increases from 50 to 150 W and the poly(methyl-methacrylate) molecule dissociation is augmented. The optical emission spectral analysis indicated the dynamics of the excitation and ionization processes in the Ar–calcium phosphate–poly(methyl-methacrylate) plasma mixture, as well as the dissociation patterning of the polymer molecules. The Ca I, P I, and Hα atomic lines and CaO, PO, POH, CO, CH and C2 molecular bands characteristic to the calcium phosphate and poly(methyl-methacrylate) decomposition were evidenced. At 150 W radio-frequency power a reduction in the polymer content in the composite layer volume was observed even if the α-CH3 main chain and the C=O molecular bands are still present. More C-C/C-H, C-OH/C-O-C polymeric bonds were revealed at the layer surface, indicating the formation of plasma polymers. The Ca/P ratio changes from 1.72 to 1.9 at 50 to 150 W, respectively, maintaining the amorphous structure of the layers. In this power range, the transition of layer surface morphologies from grain-like to worm-like plasma polymer characteristics is connected to an increase in plasma ion density and layer thickness.