# Identification of Candidate Heat-Tolerance Genes in Maize by Integrating Linkage and Transcriptomic Analyses

## TL;DR

This study identifies genes in maize that help plants tolerate heat stress by combining genetic and gene expression analyses.

## Contribution

The integration of linkage and transcriptomic data reveals candidate genes for heat tolerance in maize.

## Key findings

- Eight QTLs associated with heat tolerance were identified across chromosomes 1, 4, 5, and 8.
- Transcriptome analysis revealed 9262 differentially expressed genes, with 21 overlapping QTL regions.
- Four genes (Zm00001eb013260, Zm00001eb012720, Zm00001eb013600, Zm00001eb013100) are proposed as candidate heat-tolerance genes.

## Abstract

With global warming, high-temperature stress has become a primary abiotic factor limiting maize yield and quality. Exposure to heat stress induces sunscald on maize leaves, which severely impairs photosynthesis and ultimately leads to yield reduction. In this study, we used the heat-tolerant inbred line Zheng58 and the heat-sensitive inbred line HSBN, both of which are cultivated maize (Zea mays L. subsp. mays) inbred lines, as parents to construct F2 and F2:3 populations consisting of 257 lines. Phenotyping for sunscald at the flowering stage was performed across three field environments. The F2 population was genotyped using the Maize 10K SNP array to construct a genetic map containing 1728 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The map spanned 1406.22 cM, with an average marker density of 0.81 cM per marker. Eight quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with heat tolerance were identified in the F2/F2:3 populations, distributed on chromosomes 1, 4, 5, and 8, collectively explaining 3.43% to 35.44% of the phenotypic variation. Among them, the stable QTL qHT1-2 on chromosome 1 was consistently detected across all three environments, explaining 11.41% to 35.44% of the phenotypic variation. Additionally, a major QTL, qHT1-3, was identified on the same chromosome, accounting for 33.70% of the phenotypic variation. Transcriptome analysis of flowering-stage leaves from both parents revealed 9262 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Of these, 21 DEGs were co-localized within the eight QTL intervals. The genes Zm00001eb013260, Zm00001eb012720, Zm00001eb013600, and Zm00001eb013100 exhibited highly significant differential expression between the parental lines, these four genes are identified as candidate genes in response to heat stress in maize, and their specific biological functions require further functional validation.