# Advancing Structural Health Monitoring: Accurate PCB Design for IoT-Based Real-Time Damage Detection with Digital Twin Integration

## TL;DR

This paper presents a low-cost PCB for IoT-based structural monitoring that integrates with digital twins to detect damage in real time.

## Contribution

A novel, cost-effective PCB design for IoT-based structural health monitoring with digital twin integration is introduced.

## Key findings

- The PCB achieved less than 1% deviation from conventional systems in data accuracy.
- The system uses MQTT protocols for reliable communication and integrates with MATLAB for processing.
- The design enables real-time synchronization between physical structures and digital twins.

## Abstract

This paper introduces a cost-effective customised Printed Circuit Board (PCB) designed to establish an accurate Internet of Things (IoT) platform integrated with established Digital Twin (DT) models for advanced structural monitoring. The study focuses on developing a low-cost, precise PCB to synchronise real-time data between physical structures and their DT counterparts. The methodology includes a robust communication architecture utilising MQTT protocols, facilitating reliable data transmission and efficient integration with MATLAB for processing. Validation tests demonstrate high accuracy in data capture, with less than 1% deviation from conventional systems across multiple structural damage scenarios. This research highlights the potential of cost-effective PCB solutions for enhancing SHM and developing more resilient, proactive infrastructure management strategies.