# A Hybrid Approach to Universal Intrusion Detection Systems for Automotive Security

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a universal intrusion detection system for vehicles that adapts to different models and driving conditions using a hybrid approach combining statistical and deep learning methods.

## Contribution

A novel hybrid intrusion detection system combining Pearson correlation and deep learning for universal automotive security.

## Key findings

- The hybrid system outperformed eight other intrusion detection systems in benchmark tests.
- Wavelet transformation improved generalizability across different vehicle models.
- The system adapts to data shifts caused by firmware updates and driving style changes.

## Abstract

Security measures are essential in the automotive industry to detect intrusions in-vehicle networks. However, developing a one-size-fits-all intrusion detection system (IDS) is challenging because each vehicle has a unique data profile. This is due to the complex and dynamic nature of the data generated by vehicles regarding their model, driving style, test environment, and firmware update. To address this issue, a universal IDS has been developed that can be applied to all types of vehicles without the need for customization. Unlike conventional IDSs, the universal IDS can adapt to data distribution shifts caused by changes in driving style, vehicle platform, or firmware updates. In this study, a new hybrid approach has been developed, combining Pearson correlation with deep learning techniques. This approach has been tested using data obtained from four distinct mechanical and electronic vehicles, including Tesla, Sonata, and two Kia models. The data has been combined into two frequency datasets, and wavelet transformation has been employed to convert them into the frequency domain, enhancing generalizability. Additionally, a statistical method based on independent rule-based systems using Pearson correlation has been utilized to improve system performance. The system has been compared with eight different IDSs, three of which utilize the universal approach, while the remaining five are based on conventional techniques. The accuracy of each system has been evaluated through benchmarking, and the results demonstrate that the hybrid system effectively detects intrusions in various vehicle models.