# Evaluating a Multi-Camera Markerless System for Capturing Basketball-Specific Movements: An Exploration Using 25 Hz Video Streams

## TL;DR

This study tests a low-cost, markerless motion capture system using 25 Hz cameras to track basketball movements and finds it effective for tracking motion but less so for measuring speed and acceleration.

## Contribution

The study evaluates the validity of a 25 Hz multi-camera markerless system for capturing basketball-specific movements using consumer-grade equipment.

## Key findings

- Displacement of 12 joints showed excellent agreement (r = 0.916–0.994) with a reference system.
- Velocity and acceleration measurements had lower agreement due to low sampling rate and numerical differentiation.
- The 25 Hz system is suitable for tracking macroscopic movement but not for high-precision impact analysis.

## Abstract

Markerless motion capture (MMC) provides a non-invasive alternative for motion analysis; however, its validity at the standard frame rate of 25 Hz commonly used in broadcast and surveillance applications remains to be established. This study evaluated the performance of a 25 Hz multi-camera MMC workflow using consumer-grade cameras for capturing basketball-specific movements. Three highly trained male athletes completed seven tasks, including sprinting and simulated sport-specific skills, while being synchronously recorded by six MMC cameras (DJI Action 5 Pro, 25 fps) and a 10-camera Vicon system (25 Hz). Kinematic data were processed using an RTMDet–RTMPose pipeline and low-pass filtered at 6 Hz. Waveform validity was assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) and the root mean square error (RMSE). The displacement magnitudes of 12 joints showed excellent agreement (r = 0.916–0.994; median nRMSE = 0.54–1.32%), indicating robust trajectory reconstruction. In contrast, agreement decreased for derivative variables: velocity (r = 0.583–0.867) and acceleration (r = 0.232–0.677) were highly sensitive to the low sampling rate and numerical differentiation. Although a 25 Hz configuration is insufficient for high-precision impact analysis, it provides acceptable accuracy for macroscopic displacement tracking and external-load quantification in resource-constrained training environments. Future optimization should prioritize temporal synchronization to improve the reliability of derivative variables.