# The Association Between Attachment Style and Symptomatic, Social, and Personal Recovery: A Comparison Between Male and Female Patients Remitted From Their First‐Episode Psychosis

## TL;DR

This study found that attachment style predicts short-term recovery in first-episode psychosis patients, with no significant sex differences in this relationship.

## Contribution

The study is the first to examine the moderating role of sex in the relationship between attachment style and recovery outcomes in first-episode psychosis.

## Key findings

- Baseline attachment style predicted recovery outcomes at 3 months but not at 48 months.
- There were no sex differences in baseline attachment style or in the relationship between attachment style and recovery outcomes.
- Longitudinal changes in recovery outcomes were not predicted by baseline attachment style.

## Abstract

Sex differences in recovery outcomes for psychosis have been observed. In patients with psychosis, rates of insecure attachment are significantly higher in patients of both sexes compared to the general population and have been linked to several aspects of recovery. However, the possible differential effect of attachment style on recovery between men and women with psychosis is currently unknown.

This study was performed in a subsample of 299 patients remitted from their first‐episode psychosis (FEP) within the Handling Antipsychotic Medication Long‐term Evaluation of Targeted Treatment (HAMLETT) study. First, t‐tests were used to explore sex differences in baseline attachment style. Second, stepwise regression analyses were used to examine the association between baseline attachment style and symptomatic, social and personal recovery at three and 48 months follow‐up, and the possible moderation effect of sex on these associations. Third, stepwise regression analyses were repeated with longitudinal change in symptomatic, social and personal recovery between three and 48 months follow‐up as outcome measure.

Male and female patients did not differ in baseline attachment style. Baseline attachment style was associated with recovery outcome at 3‐months follow‐up, whilst sex did not moderate this relationship. Baseline attachment style did not predict recovery outcome at 48‐months follow‐up, nor change in recovery outcome.

Our findings suggest that attachment style is an important predictor of short‐term recovery outcome in patients with FEP, whilst sex differences do not appear to significantly impact this relationship.