# Effect of Prior Austenite Grain Size on the Hydrogen Diffusion Behavior in 30MnB5 Steel

## TL;DR

This study shows that smaller grain sizes in 30MnB5 steel reduce hydrogen embrittlement by altering hydrogen diffusion and trapping behavior.

## Contribution

The novel finding is that microstructure refinement, specifically through prior austenite grain size, significantly affects hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity.

## Key findings

- Refined microstructures increase low-angle grain boundary density and trap sites, suppressing hydrogen diffusion.
- Fine-grained 30MnB5 steel exhibits lower hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity compared to coarse-grained steel.
- Microstructure refinement accelerates initial hydrogen permeation but reduces long-term hydrogen localization.

## Abstract

In this study, we investigated the effect of heat treatment-induced grain size on the hydrogen embrittlement (HE) resistance of 30MnB5 steel, focusing particularly on the variation in prior austenite grain (PAG) size. As the heat treatment time increased, the PAGs coarsened, leading the martensite packets, blocks, and lath sizes to also coarsen. As the microstructure became more refined, the boundary density of the packet–block–lath structure increased along with a significant increase in the low-angle grain boundary (LAGB) fraction. The microstructure refinement accelerated the initial permeation rate of hydrogen, while the high density of LAGBs and trap sites effectively suppressed its long-term diffusion/localization. The slow strain rate tensile test confirmed that the tensile strength and elongation of 30MnB5 steel in a hydrogen environment were lower than those in air, indicating HE. Furthermore, the results showed that the HE sensitivity decreased in the fine microstructure condition, as evidenced by the smaller reduction in elongation compared to the coarse microstructure. The study results will enhance the understanding of hydrogen-induced degradation in hot-stamped automotive steels and offer fundamental insights for optimizing heat treatment strategies applied to 30MnB5 steel for mitigating HE.