# Preeclampsia: Contemporary Concepts in Pathophysiology, Risk Stratification, Prevention and Monitoring

## TL;DR

This paper reviews current understanding and management of preeclampsia, focusing on new biomarkers and personalized care.

## Contribution

The paper highlights emerging biomarkers and personalized approaches for preeclampsia management.

## Key findings

- Preeclampsia affects 2–5% of pregnancies and causes significant maternal and perinatal complications.
- Recent research has focused on novel biomarkers and improved risk prediction models.
- Current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches remain inconsistent across guidelines.

## Abstract

Preeclampsia is a heterogeneous disorder affecting approximately 2–5% of pregnancies and remains a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Its clinical presentation ranges from mild, nearly asymptomatic forms to severe conditions progressing to eclampsia or HELLP syndrome. Despite significant advances in understanding its pathophysiology, preeclampsia continues to pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. In recent years, intensive research efforts have focused on developing comprehensive diagnostic criteria, identifying novel biomarkers, improving risk prediction models, and establishing effective preventive and monitoring strategies. However, expert opinions and clinical guidelines remain partially inconsistent. This review aims to summarize current global concepts regarding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk stratification, diagnosis, prevention, and monitoring of preeclampsia, with particular emphasis on emerging biomarkers and personalized approaches to patient care.