# Acute Depletion of Cited2 in Embryonic Stem Cells Disrupts Gene Networks Controlling Self-Renewal, Homeostasis, and Early Cell Fate Commitment

## TL;DR

Removing Cited2 in embryonic stem cells disrupts key gene networks, affecting self-renewal, stability, and early cell development.

## Contribution

The study identifies Cited2 as a core regulator of embryonic stem cell identity and early differentiation through transcriptomic analysis.

## Key findings

- Cited2 depletion destabilizes pluripotency networks and activates developmental genes.
- Loss of Cited2 downregulates Nodal/Activin pathway targets linked to mesoderm, cardiac, and neural development.
- Cited2 depletion alters DNA damage response and apoptosis genes, correlating with reduced cell viability.

## Abstract

Cited2 is a transcriptional regulator essential for embryonic development and cellular homeostasis. Studies in vertebrate models highlight its critical roles in heart, placental, neural tube, and hematopoietic development. In humans, CITED2 variants are associated with congenital heart disease. Functionally, Cited2 interacts with the transcriptional co-regulators p300/CBP and modulates the activity of multiple transcription factors. In embryonic stem cells (ESC), Cited2 supports pluripotency, self-renewal, and differentiation potential. Here, we performed comparative transcriptomic analysis after acute Cited2 depletion in mouse ESC to define its role in maintaining self-renewal, lineage competence, and cell survival. Loss of Cited2 rapidly destabilized the pluripotency network and induced aberrant activation of developmental gene programs. Nodal/Activin pathway targets, including key regulators of mesoderm, cardiac, and neural development, were markedly downregulated, consistent with Cited2-null embryonic phenotypes. Cited2 depletion also altered the expression of genes involved in DNA damage response, immune signaling, and apoptosis, correlating with the increased γH2AX accumulation and decreased cell viability at least in part involving p53. Comparison with p300-, CBP-, and Cited2-depletion datasets revealed only partial overlap between affected gene sets. These results position Cited2 as a core regulator preserving ESC identity, genomic stability, and proper lineage engagement during early differentiation.