# Preparation of Low-Molecular-Weight Fucoidan by Irradiation-Induced Degradation and Its Protective Effect Against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in RAW 264.7 Cells

## TL;DR

Low-molecular-weight fucoidan, made using irradiation, shows strong antioxidant effects in cells and could be a useful dietary supplement.

## Contribution

A new method for preparing low-molecular-weight fucoidan using irradiation and its antioxidant efficacy in oxidative stress models is presented.

## Key findings

- Low-molecular-weight fucoidan significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced oxidative stress markers in RAW264.7 cells.
- The lowest molecular weight fraction (AIF4) showed the highest antioxidant activity and upregulated key antioxidant genes and signaling pathways.
- LMWF treatment modulated the PI3K/Akt–Nrf2 signaling axis, suggesting a mechanism for its protective effects against oxidative stress.

## Abstract

The biological activities of fucoidan from brown algae have attracted considerable attention. Degradation to low-molecular-weight fucoidan reduces viscosity and improves bioavailability, enhancing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Fucoidan was degraded using acetic acid combined with 60Co γ-ray irradiation and fractionated by Bio-Gel P10 chromatography to obtain four fractions (AIF1–AIF4). The fractions were structurally characterized and assessed for in vitro radical-scavenging activity and modulation of oxidative stress markers in H2O2-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Compared with the model group, all fractions significantly increased catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, with the highest increase of approximately 1.33 U/mgprot for CAT and 20.32 U/mgprot for SOD, while decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Among the four fractions, AIF4, with the lowest molecular weight, exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. LMWF treatment also upregulated the mRNA expression of antioxidant-related genes (HO-1, SOD1, SOD2) and signaling molecules (PI3K and Akt), accompanied by increased protein levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and PI3K/Akt pathway components. These findings indicate that LMWF is closely associated with the regulation of the PI3K/Akt–Nrf2 signaling axis under oxidative conditions and support its potential application as a dietary antioxidant ingredient.